Myocardial infarction

Many many thanks to Karun Kumar for sending his self made mnemonics on MI. Please note that he has included some hindi mnemonics in this post.

Definition (CAP)

• Evidence of myocardial necrosis with any 1 of the following:

1. Cardiac biomarkers (pref. Troponins) showing sudden rise or fall
2. Sudden unexpected cardiac death involving cardiac Arrest
3. Pathological findings of acute MI

Signs of MI (windows VISTA)

1. Vagal activation (vomiting, bradycardia)
2. Impaired myocard. Func. (s1,s2 soft; hypotension; inc. JVP; Oliguria; Cold, clammy skin)
3. Sympathetic activation (Pallor, sweating, tachycardia)
4. Tissue damage (Low grade fever)
5. A complication (MR / VSD producing pansystolic murmur

Enzymes elevated in MI (TALC - talcum powder)

1.  Troponin T/I
2.  AST
3.  LDH
4.  CK-MB

Complications of MI

• Immediate (RAILgaadi)

a) RV infarction
b) Arrythmias (VT, AF, VF) - may also be due to I.v. Xylocaine overdose
c) LHF

• Early (PSVT ka MELA laga hua hai !!)

a) Pericarditis

b) Sudden death

c) VSD

d) Thromboembolic complications (Pulmonary, Arterial)

e) MR (Papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture)

f)  LV free wall rupture (Pericardial tamponade)

g) Arterial compl. (same as mentioned in d) )

•  Late (PADS)

a) Psychological reaction (DADDA- Denial, Acceptance, Dependency, Depression, Adjustment - this is from earliest change to last)
b) Arrythmias (ventricular like VF, VT)
c) Dressler’s syndrome (Autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fever, pericarditis, pleuritis, pneumonitis)
d) Shoulder (Frozen shoulder) – Pain n stiffness of left shoulder

Blot techniques

NoRthern blot is for RNA. The opposite, Southern blot is for DNA.
So what remains is the Western - for proteins.

Here's a more effective mnemonic if you know about Indian food habits.
In North India  Roti is favourite food - Northern RNA
South India : Dosa - Southern DNA
Western world food : Pizza - Western Proteins

For Hindi knowing people, here's an alternate menmonic:
South = Dakshin - DNA
West = Paschim - Proteins

Atrioventricular Valves

tRIcuspid valve is in RIght atrium
Bicuspid valve in Left atrium ( Remember BiLe)
Bicuspid valve is also called MitraL valve. So mitraL is on Left
If you know what is a "mitre", then you can easily remember that bicuspid valve is mitral. "Mitre" is the hat that you see often worn by bishops. It has 2 leafs resembling the cusps. See picture below.

               

• Alternatively, imagine a RAT in LAB; Right Atrium Tricuspid, Left Atrium Bicuspid.

• If you know Hindi, remember DoMitr (Two friends) Bicuspid valve = Mitral valve by  

Cochlea

Higher (= Bigger) frequencies are at Base of the cochlear coil
(For Hindi knowing people: Bada frequencies at Base)

Hindi mnemonic: Alchol abuse

Which is the first enzyme to rise in alcohol abuse?

GAmma Glutamyl TRANSPeptidase (Also increased in Hepatocellular CANCER)

Remember (Read in Hindi): Alcohol lene ke bad, aadmi kya karte hai? - GAAna shuru karte hai, phir apne car mein TRANSPort hote hai. CANCER ho gaya tho bhi GAAte hai - Shok gaan.