Highly Radio Sensitive Tumors

What will we do if we know that a Tumor is Highly Radiosenstive?
WE SMiLe:

So here goes the list of Highly Radiosensitive tumors - WE SMiLe:
Wilm's
Ewing's
Seminoma
Myeloma
Lymphoma

Ectopia lentis in Marfans and Homocystinuria

Mnemonic submitted by Alan (Thanks again) to which I have added some modification:

Ectopia lentis (Dislocation of lens) is seen in Marfans syndrome & Homocystinuria , but in one the dislocation is up (and outward) while in the other it goes down (and inward).

Remember that " urine goes down and into closet "

So lens get displaced down and inward in Homocysteinuria ,
And lens get displaced upand outward in Marfans syndrome (Opposite of above).


Now, I thought that I add a picture mnemonic to spice up things because you don't know when these will come handy.
Imagine a MAN (looking up and out to the sky) above a HOrse ( looks down and into the track) (MArfaN - up n out;  HOmocustinuria - down n in)

Chest Radiograph Interpretation A to X

This mnemonic was developed and submitted by Mark E.Lawson and taught to his medical students, residents and fellows for Chest Radiograph Interpretation (A-X):
A-Airway – Anatomic and Artificial (ETT Placement, etc.)
B-Bony Structures – Cervical Spine, Ribs, Clavicles, Scapula, etc.
C-Cardiac Structure – Situs, Heart Size, etc.
D-Diaphragm Structure – Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumothorax, Effusions, etc.
E-Esophagus
F-Fissures – Horizontal Fissure Location vs atelectasis, pneumonia, pneumothorax
G-Gastric Bubble vs Situs
H-Hilum – Lymph Nodes, Airways, Vessels
I-Interstitium disease processes
J-Junctional Lines
K-Kerley Lines: A, B, C
L-Lobes of Lung vs Cardiac Silhouette (Silhouette Sign)
M-Mediastinum-Mediastinal Widening, Thymus Size/ConfigurationN-Nodes
O-OverAeration, Opacification
P-Pleura
Q-Quickly Check for Correct Name, Date of Birth, Imaging Study, Date, Time
R-Respiratory Effort – Inspiratory vs Expiratory Film
S-Segments
T-Thoracic Underperfusion – Pulmonary Embolism
U-UnderPerfusion, Underpenetration, Underventilation
V-Vascularity, Vascular Line Placement (Central Lines, Umbilical Artery/Vein Lines)
W-Women (Breast Shadows)
X-Xtra Equipment: Central Lines, ETT, Chest Tubes, etc.

Cardiology mindmaps free download

DOWNLOAD THE FOLLOWING MINDMAPS (.png format): 4.71MB

Angina
Bradyarrhythmias
CABG
Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac Failure
Cardiomyopathies
Cor Pulmonale
Dressler's Syndrome
DVT
Endocarditis
Malignant Hypertension

Myocardial Infarction

Pericarditis
Rheumatic Fever
Tachyarrhythmias

Download link: http://www.mediafire.com/?zgyyimmldny

ABG made simple

Watch this video to simplify the understanding of Respiratory / metabollic alkalosis / acidosis.

Myocardial infarction

Many many thanks to Karun Kumar for sending his self made mnemonics on MI. Please note that he has included some hindi mnemonics in this post.

Definition (CAP)

• Evidence of myocardial necrosis with any 1 of the following:

1. Cardiac biomarkers (pref. Troponins) showing sudden rise or fall
2. Sudden unexpected cardiac death involving cardiac Arrest
3. Pathological findings of acute MI

Signs of MI (windows VISTA)

1. Vagal activation (vomiting, bradycardia)
2. Impaired myocard. Func. (s1,s2 soft; hypotension; inc. JVP; Oliguria; Cold, clammy skin)
3. Sympathetic activation (Pallor, sweating, tachycardia)
4. Tissue damage (Low grade fever)
5. A complication (MR / VSD producing pansystolic murmur

Enzymes elevated in MI (TALC - talcum powder)

1.  Troponin T/I
2.  AST
3.  LDH
4.  CK-MB

Complications of MI

• Immediate (RAILgaadi)

a) RV infarction
b) Arrythmias (VT, AF, VF) - may also be due to I.v. Xylocaine overdose
c) LHF

• Early (PSVT ka MELA laga hua hai !!)

a) Pericarditis

b) Sudden death

c) VSD

d) Thromboembolic complications (Pulmonary, Arterial)

e) MR (Papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture)

f)  LV free wall rupture (Pericardial tamponade)

g) Arterial compl. (same as mentioned in d) )

•  Late (PADS)

a) Psychological reaction (DADDA- Denial, Acceptance, Dependency, Depression, Adjustment - this is from earliest change to last)
b) Arrythmias (ventricular like VF, VT)
c) Dressler’s syndrome (Autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fever, pericarditis, pleuritis, pneumonitis)
d) Shoulder (Frozen shoulder) – Pain n stiffness of left shoulder

Causes of Hematuria : Video mnemonic

Nice video mnemonic submitted by http://www.youtube.com/user/mnemzoid . I would suggest that to remember better, you modify the mnemonic SITTT to ShITT in the closet. But please note it's not related to shit but to pee :-)

Causes of Osteoporosis

Thanks to Jishu JP for sending me this mnemonic from his website for medical students http://mbbsmadeeasy4u.blogspot.com/

Causes of osteoporosis are ACCESS :

Alcohol

Corticosteroids

Calcium deficiancy (low intake)

Eostrogen deficiency

Smoking

Medical software for Android mobile : Epocrates

This is a fantastic software which I personally used. Revise your pharmacology, check for drug interactions on the go. You need internet, preferably wifi connection for first downloading and updating the data and completing the free registration but later you have all stored in your android mobile. There are also lots of calculators including pregnancy wheel, drug dosing calculator, mean arterial pressure, Parkland's formula, Pediatric maintainace fluid calculator, unit conversions etc to name a few. Another useful utility for quick revision and memory are the "tables" - Includes steps in ACLS - The ABCDs, Bradycardia, Rapid sequence intubation, Tachycardia etc ; Antibiotic regimen tables; Drug classes table (comparison of corticosteroids, etc); Endocrinology - Insulin comparison; Pediatric vaccinations; Glassgow coma scale; Apgar score; Normal lab values in adults....... and the vast list goes on.
The software is available for all mobile platforms including iPod/iPhone, Blackberry, Palm, Windows mobile etc.

Absolute Indications for Dialysis

Remeber the vowels: A, E, I, O, U

Acidosis : intractable metabolic acidosis
Electrolytes : severe persistent hyperkalemia
Intoxications : menthol, ethylene, glycol, lithium, aspirin
Overload : hypervolemia (not managed by other means)
Uremia : based on clinical presentation (like uremic pericarditis)

Fragile X Syndrome

M's of fragile-X Syndrome:
Male
Mental retardation
Macro orchidism
Mutation in FMR1 gene (caused by Methylation of part of chromosome)
Multiple CGG repeats
Maxillary excess (Long face)
Muscle tone decreased
Mothers (females) are obligatory carriers

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias - Video mnemonic

See this video mnemonic to remember the various MEN (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias)

Anion gap mnemonics

These are famous picks to remember conditions showing variations in anion gap:

• Anion gap is increased in MUDPILES: methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, propylene glycol, isoniazid, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates
• Anion gap is Normal in FUSEDCARS: fistula (pancreatic), uretogastric conduits, saline administration, endocrine (hyperparathyrdoism), diarrhea, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide), ammonium chloride, renal tubular acidosis, spironolactone
• Anion gap is DECREASED in conditions associated with HYPOalbuminemia (Causes of which are Hemorrage and NIL - Nephrotic syndrome, Intestinal obstruction, Liver cirrhosis)

Respiratory and Metabolic Alkalosis and Acidosis Mnemonics

Remember ROME = Respiratory Opposite, Metabollic Equal.
Explanation: Usually when pH decreases it is called acidosis and increase in pH is called alkalosis. There is no confusion to this point. Also I hope that you know that changes in PCO2 will lead to Respiratory acidosis / alkalosis and that in PHCO3 will lead to Metabolic acidosis / alkalosis. You can remember this by thinking that you respire PCO2 outside.
Next, take the mnemonic ROME - In Respiratory alkalosis / acidosis, the pH and PCO2 levels are Opposite; This means that in Respiratory acidosis (which means pH is low) the PCO2 will be high or in other words low pH with high PCO2 is called Respiratory acidosis. In respiratory alkalosis there is high pH and low PCO2. In Metabollic acidosis / alkalosis, the pH and PHCO3 levels are Equal (Not quantitively, but it means that increased pH and increased PHCO3 is the situation in Metabollic alkalosis and both are decreased in Metabolic acidosis).

To remeber this in another way: In METabollic acidosis / alkalosis the values of pH and PHCO3 MEET. In Respiratory there are like RX - 'X' denotes into mark for opposite.  Respiratory Raja's fight.

Lots of medical and surgical mnemonics

Mnemonics for Medicine

Causes of memory loss

Remember the mnemonic Memory VANISHED to remember the causes of memory loss. Watch this video for explanation.

Inter Nuclear Opthalmoplegia

This is a animation of left Inter Nuclear Opthalmoplegia. It's not my creation, I picked it up from http://www.medicalgeek.com/lecture-notes/23252-internuclear-ophthalmoplegia-animated-tutorial.html#post69877 . Go there to see this animation.
Animations are very helpful many times. You can copy and see this animation in your mobile for quick reference.

Causes of Cramps

Causes of Cramps are "CRAMP"-
Calcium level low, Respiratory Alkalosis, Metabolic acidosis, Magnesium level low, Porphyria

WPW Syndrome

Wolff-Pakinson-White Syndrome

is a

Wild Path Way (Wolf is a wild animal)

between

Atria and Ventricles.

Also Remember KENT's ART (Abnormal bundle is called Kent's. ART = Atrioventricular Re-entrant Tachycardia.)

EGG findings: Remember Dr. KENT wears SHORT Pants - ECG findings are 'Delta wave' and SHORT PR interval.

Symptom may be tachycardia, palpitation, syncope or may be asymptomatic- Remember you get palpitation on seeing a Wolf and your pulse goes up or you may faint; But if you are strong, you will be asymptomatic!

Sign and symptom

sIgn is what I detect from the patient.
sYMptom is what hIM tells me.