Interpreting CT scan head

This mnemonic is famous among radiologist for reading / diagnosing head injury CT scan.
Remember: Blood Can Be Very Bad

• Blood - Look for EDH (Lens Shaped) SDH (Sickle Shaped, Consider subdural window) Intraparenchymal Blood (Especially in the Basal Ganglia) Intraventricular Blood (Look for hydrocephalus) SAH (Blood in Cisterns and Fissures)
• Cisterns - Look for effacement and blood Circummesencephalic (Ring around the midbrain) Suprasellar (Star shaped at Circle of Willis) Quadrigeminal (W shaped) Sylvian (Between temporal and frontal lobes)
• Brain - Symmetry Gray/White Matter differentiation (Insular Ribbon) Shift Hyper/Hypodensities Pneumocephalus
• Ventricle - Effacement Shift Hydrocephalus (Examine sulci to differentiate between hydro and atrophy) Blood
• Bone - Skull fractures, especially basilar (Consider bone windows) Sinuses and Air cells (Look for Air/Fluid levels)

Corticospinal tracts in 3D

Have a glimpse of 3D corticospinal tract as seen in "Axiom Neuro", a new interactive functional atlas for neuroanatomy and neurology that gives users an up-close, detailed view of 13 spinal cord and brainstem nerve pathways. Also included in the software are all 12 cranial nerves and 10 virtual patient cases that use animation to teach signs and symptoms fo some common neurological pathologies such as stroke, diabetes and head trauma. Visit http://www.brainwashedsoftware.com/ to download the free demo.

Remember the Spinal levels of the sacral plexus branches : Video mnemonic

Myasthenia gravis:Use of Edrophonium and Pyridostigmine

Often you get confused between the use of these two drugs in MG. Remember:

• eDrophonium is used to Diagnose Myastenia gravis
• pyRIDostigmine is used to get RID of symptoms

Functions of Temporal Lobe of Brain

Remember the functions when you wear a HELMet over your temporal lobe:
Hearing
Emotional
Learning
Memory

Inter Nuclear Opthalmoplegia

This is a animation of left Inter Nuclear Opthalmoplegia. It's not my creation, I picked it up from http://www.medicalgeek.com/lecture-notes/23252-internuclear-ophthalmoplegia-animated-tutorial.html#post69877 . Go there to see this animation.
Animations are very helpful many times. You can copy and see this animation in your mobile for quick reference.

Cerebellar Signs and symptoms

Remember: 3 Deadly ANTS Playing on your cerebellum ( =  DDD ANTS P , i.e 3 Ds expanded )

Dysarthria
Decreased tone
Dysdiadochokinesis
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Tremor (Intention tremors)
Slurrred speech / Scanning speech
Pendular knee jerk

Note: Please try to quote the ANTS first in the order of symptoms before 3 Ds, as they are the most important. See the picture below to remember the 3 ants better :-)

Subunits of Brachial Plexus

Remember Rajasthan Transport Development Corporation Board (RTDCB):
Roots join to form Trunks
Trunks join to form Divisions
Divisions join to form Cords
Cords join to form Branches
Branches

Alternatively, remember Real Teenagers Drink Cold Beer

Other alternative mnemonics sent by Mr. Frank Hopkins made with his mnemonic generating software:

Uses 1st Two Letters of Each Term
Romanian Troops Diverted Combat Brigade
Round Trembling Divas Cold Breasts

Uses 1st Letters Only
Real Tight Dollar Closed Banks
Raining Twenty Days Collapsed Bridge
Real Tequila Drinker Charlie Boozer
Remember That Dudes Chick's Bootie
Raise The Dead Crying Behold!!! (This has a more religious tone to it)
 

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)

In NPH, there is
Abnormal P,H ( P = Pee problems = urinary incontinence; H = Head problem = dementia )
Ataxia
Absent signs of raised intracranial tension ( like headache, vomiting )

Named tests for Ulnar & Median nerve

EGawa test is for ULnar nerve and so is FROMents test. (Remember EGULFROM - ? Email from gulf :-)
PEn test (OPPOnens test) and POinting index test MEdian nerve. (Remember OPPOsite ME)

Charcot's triad

Charcot's triad is seen in Wernicke's encephalopathy, which is seen in alcholics.

Remember an alcholic who goes to the beautiful tourist spot in India GOA; He drinks, drinks, drinks and get Wernick's encephalopathy

So remember, the GOA of Charcot's triad:

Global confusion
Opthalmoplegia
Ataxia

Neuroanatomy - Draw it to know it

Finding it difficult to remember neuroanatomy?

Help is out through this book: Neuroanatomy - Draw it to know it.

The book contains description followed by pictures that you can draw quickly at your exams. The book has blank space for you to learn drawing below the sketches.

You will remember better by drawing after reading about the subject. If time is less for your exams, try drawing quick pictures. The evaluator will be convinced about your knowledge of subject as a picture is worth thousand words. Try to include more sketches in your anatomy answer paper. Higher grades are guaranteed.

Download this book free from: 

http://www.mediafire.com/?dhyjd221jr1

or

http://rapidshare.com/files/258953588/Neuroanatomy_Draw_it_To_Know_It.pdf

Carpal Tunnel

Remember the picture to memorise the structures passing through the carpal tunnel and those passing superficial to it.

• 
  Structures passing through the carpal tunnel:

MediAN nerve (policeMAN) - Compression causes carpal tunnel syndrome
Flexor POLICis longus (POLICe jeep)
FDS, FDP (FD = Fixed Deposit in piggy bank)
Radial & ulnar Bursa (piggy Bank)

• Structures passing superficial to carpal tunnel

PALMaris LONGus (LONG PALM tree)

Cutaneous branch of MediAN Nerve (boy = small MAN; Big policeMAN was MediAN nerve, so small man represents cutaneous branch)

UlNar nerve (Umen = woman)
Cutaneous br. of UlNar nerve (small Umen = small woman = represented by girl in the picture)

Innervation of quadriceps and toe extensors

Patellar tendon is innervated by L4 ( remember that quadriceps is made by 4 Long muscles )

Toe extensors are innervated by L5 ( remember the 5 Little toes )

Foramen Ovale

Foramen ovale transmits MALE:

Mandibular nerve

Accessory meningeal artery

Lesser petrosal nerve

Emissary vein

Meninges of brain

Which are the meningeal coverings?

Remember PAD covers the brain (From inside to out):

PIa mater - Innermost

Arachnoid membrane

DUra mater - oUtermost

Erb's and Klumpke's brachial palsies

Erb's - Upper trunk ( C5, C6 ) {See the picture mnemonic above -  imagine the '6' to resemble 'b' of erbs ; 's' resembles '5' }
Klumpke's - Lower Trunk ( C7, C8, T1 )
Remember 'E' comes before 'K' in alphabetical order, so Erb's is upper and Klumpke's lower trunk.
Now Klumpke's start with C7. Note that K-L-U-M-P-K-E is 7 letters.

Brachial Plexus

Lateral cord

Remember LML vespa scooter

• Lateral pectoral n.
• Musculocutaneous n.
• Lateral root of median n.

Medial cord

Remember My Mother Made Me Ugly

• Medial pectoral n.
  
• Medial root of medin n.
  
• Medial cutaneous n. of arm
• Medial cutanoeus n. of forearm
  
• Ulnar n.
  

Posterior cord

Remember STAR

• Subscapular n. (Upper and Lower Subscapular N.)
• Thoracodorsal n.
• Axillary n.
• Radial n.
  
  

Sensory supply of C6

How do test the sensory supplied by C6? See the picture - it gives sensory supply of C6

Muscles supplied by Radial nerve

Radial nerve innervates the BEST :

Brachioradialis,

Extensors,

Supinator,

Triceps