Interpreting CT scan head

This mnemonic is famous among radiologist for reading / diagnosing head injury CT scan.
Remember: Blood Can Be Very Bad

• Blood - Look for EDH (Lens Shaped) SDH (Sickle Shaped, Consider subdural window) Intraparenchymal Blood (Especially in the Basal Ganglia) Intraventricular Blood (Look for hydrocephalus) SAH (Blood in Cisterns and Fissures)
• Cisterns - Look for effacement and blood Circummesencephalic (Ring around the midbrain) Suprasellar (Star shaped at Circle of Willis) Quadrigeminal (W shaped) Sylvian (Between temporal and frontal lobes)
• Brain - Symmetry Gray/White Matter differentiation (Insular Ribbon) Shift Hyper/Hypodensities Pneumocephalus
• Ventricle - Effacement Shift Hydrocephalus (Examine sulci to differentiate between hydro and atrophy) Blood
• Bone - Skull fractures, especially basilar (Consider bone windows) Sinuses and Air cells (Look for Air/Fluid levels)

Appendicitis mindmap

Click on image below to get large image. Revise faster with mindmaps!

TURP animation video

Next time you will remember TURP (Trans Urethral Resection of Prostrate) better if you watch this video :-)

Causes of Chronic Diarrhoea

Remember the 5 Cs as Causes of Chronic diarrhoea:
Crohn's disease
Colitis (Ulcerative) or Ulcerative Colitis
Coeliac diseases
Cystic fibrosis
Cow's milk intolerance

Sister Mary Joseph Node

To remember the named signs, it would be better to know a little bit of history. There might be an interesting incident related to a person who gave the name of the sign / syndrome. One such interesting case is how Sister Mary Joseph node got it's name. Also called Sister Mary Joseph sign, refers to a palpable nodule bulging into the umbilicus as a result of metastasis of a malignant cancer in the pelvis or abdomen.

To remember this sign better, let's go back to history. Imagine these events:
Scene: St. Mary's Hospital in Rochester; Dr. Mayo is taking rounds with Sr. Mary Joseph, his surgical assistant helping him.Sr. Mary drew Mayo's attention to the phenomenon, and he published an article about it in 1928.
Now remember this better with the picture given below.

Time period to stop certain drugs before surgery

Aspirin: stop 1 week before surgery (Remember 'A' is the 1st alpahabet)
Lithium: stop 2 weeks before surgery (Remember the alphabet 'L' is formed by 2 straight lines)
MAO-A irreversible inhibitors: 3 weeks (Remember, turn 'M'clockwise, you get something like '3'; Alternatively MAO has 3 letters)
Estrogen pills: 4 weeks ( 'E' is formed by 4 straight lines)

Anatomy of Thoracic duct

Thoracic duct lies between Azygous vein and Oesophagous 

Remember: The DUCK is between two gooses (duck = thoracic duct) 2 gooses = azyGOOSE and esophaGOOSE (see picture)

Lengths of intestines

• Lengths of first 3 parts of the digestive system after the stomach i.e. Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum: 

To remember the lengths , remember the story of a tiger, which ate a dozen doctors who had gone to the forest for a picnic, including the famous Doctor Indiana Jones. News reported in Radio: One (tiger) Ate 12 (1-8-12) , including Dr. Indiana Jones referring to 1, 8 and 12 feets, which are the respective  lengths of Duodenum, Ileum and Jejunum.

• Lengths of 4 parts of Duodenum ( Remember : 1-2-3-4 = 2-3-4-1 ) :

1st part = 2 inches

2nd part = 3"

3rd part = 4"

4th part = 1"

Scrotum layers

Layers of scrotum from outside in:

Remember - Some Dirty Englishmen Called It Testis :

Skin,

Dartos,

External spermatic fascia,

Cremasteric,

Internal spermatic fascia,

Testis

The Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN)

Each of the MENs is a disease of two or three letters plus a feature. 

MEN I is a disease of 3 P's ( Pituitary, Parathyroid, and Pancreas) plus adrenal cortex 
MEN II is a disease of 2 C's ( Carcinoma of thyroid and Catacholamines [pheochromocytoma]) plus parathyroid for MEN IIa or mucocutaneous neuromas for MEN IIB

Branchial Cyst

Branchial cyst (begins with "B" , which is the second english alphabet) - Arises from the second branchial cleft

Troisier's sign & Trousseau's sign

TroIsier's is Virchows node +ve ( IV line)

Trousseau's sign: Thrombophlebitis migrans

Basal & Squamous cell Carcinoma

BAsal cell carcinoma is also called RODent ulcer and arises from Pylosebacious Adnexia {Remember BARODA & BAPA}.

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the Prickle cell layer of Malphigian layer of skin {Remember: SPM - Social and Preventive Medicine}

Complications of Undescended Testis

Remember ASEPTIC:

Atrophy,

Sterlity,

Epididymo orchitis,

Pain,

Torsion,

Indirect inguinal hernia,

Carcinoma

Signs in Thyroid opthalmopathy

Kocher's sign - Starring look (Imagine a football coach starring at his player - Starring Kocher!)
STeLLwag's sign - Infrequent blinking (STiLL lids)
DaRLymple sign - LiD Retraction
Joffroy's sign - Absent Wrinkles (Remeber JAWs)  or alternatively decreased Forhead (F for joFFroy's) wrinkles on upgaze. 

Moebius sign - Weakness of convergence (M|W) or MCC - Mobieus Can't Converge

Von Graefe's - Lid Lag (Remember that some people think that ViaGra is used to improve the Love Life)

About Pheochromocytoma

Remember the rule of 10s:

Remember 10% BCEFM

10% Bilateral

10% Calcified

10% Extra adrenal

10% Familial

10% Malignant

Meckel’s diverticulum

Rule of 2’s: -

2 inches long,

2 feet from the ileocecal valve,

2% of the population,

commonlly presents in the first 2 years of life