Highly Radio Sensitive Tumors

What will we do if we know that a Tumor is Highly Radiosenstive?
WE SMiLe:

So here goes the list of Highly Radiosensitive tumors - WE SMiLe:
Wilm's
Ewing's
Seminoma
Myeloma
Lymphoma

CTEV - another mnemonic

Here's another mnemonic for CTEV (Congentital Talipes Equino Varus) submitted by Alan James (Thanks):


"InAdEquate" The deformities of the foot in Congenital Talipes Equino Varus(CTEV) are:
• Inversion
• Adduction
• Equinus

Also think: "tAlIpEs", to remember the sequence of correction of deformities:
• Adduction
• Inversion
• Equinus

By the way, if you want to refer to our old mnemonic, for order of correction of deformities, it's HERE.

Bones of the body

I cannot help sharing this wonderful picture mnemonic to remember the names of bones of our body (from my Facebook friends.

Causes of Osteoporosis

Thanks to Jishu JP for sending me this mnemonic from his website for medical students http://mbbsmadeeasy4u.blogspot.com/

Causes of osteoporosis are ACCESS :

Alcohol

Corticosteroids

Calcium deficiancy (low intake)

Eostrogen deficiency

Smoking

How to identify Radius and ulna's Square nails

In Orthopaedics viva, your professor may give you two square nails and ask you to identify which one for is used for Radius?
Ans: See the tip of the nails - Radial square nail tip looks like an "R" and ulna's tip look like it's second letter small "l". Hope you won't forget the two square nails now!

Orthopaedic investigations : Table

Memorising this table will help to differentiate the above orthopaedic conditions.

Location of Scaphoid on Palm

The Scaphoid can be approximately located on palm by flexing the fingers, as in this position the fingers point to the Scaphoid. See picture below.

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies

Sero negative spondyloarthropathies are:
Remember RAP(P)E -
R- Reiters syndrome
A- Ankylosing spondylitis
P- Psoriatic arthropathy
P- Pseudogout
E- Enteropathic arthritis(chrons disease,ulcerative colitis,behchets syndrome)

This mnemonic was sent by Mr. Kamal A.P. for benefit of all our readers. Thanks again.

Bone & Cartilage - Collagen types

• bONE is made of type ONE collagen; Alternatively see the picture of bone which looks like '1'

• CARTilage is made of type two collagen. See the picture of cart with '2' inside the cart. Alternatively remember carTWOlage
• Still if you find it confusing remember B of bone comes before C of cartilage; B-1, C-2. 

How bones got their names

Many of the medical names are derived from latin. If you study a bit of latin or greek you will find medical terms getting simpler. Below is a picture depicting how few bones got their names (Starting from the first picture row wise):

• ACETABULAM 

In Latin, acetum = vinegar and -bulum, a suffix signifying the instrument. Acetabulum was thought to resemble a small vinegar cruet of roman times.

• TIBIA

In Latin means a flute. Yes, a tibia after removal of external fixators looks like a flute :-)

• PATELLA

In Latin means a little plate. So next time have food in a big patella !

• SKULL

In Anglo Saxon means a bowl. Eat brain from the bowl !

• OLECRANON

In Greek, olenokranon, from olene = elbow and kranos = helmet. In other words, the protector of the elbow. Elbow's helmet !

• COCCYX

In Greek, kokkyx = cuckoo. This bone looks like the beak of a cuckoo. Huh?

• PELVIS

In Latin, pelvis means basin.

• CLAVICLE

In Latin, clavicula, diminutive of clavis = a key. Clavicle resembled those old keys. Anyway, don't use your clavicle to open your door :-)

 

If you want to study the origin of more medical terms try these websites:

1. http://www.eet.unsw.edu.au/~timm/GreekLatin.html
2. http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/Etymology.html

Frozen shoulder: Sequence of manipulation

CONTRIBUTED BY MR. KAMAL A.P.
Remember FEAR: (The manipulation of shoulder has to be carried out in this sequence)
Flexion
Extension
Abduction, followed by Adduction ( Remember Ab comes before Ad in dictionary)
Rotations (Internal & external)

Thank you Kamal for the good mnemonic :-)

Named tests for Ulnar & Median nerve

EGawa test is for ULnar nerve and so is FROMents test. (Remember EGULFROM - ? Email from gulf :-)
PEn test (OPPOnens test) and POinting index test MEdian nerve. (Remember OPPOsite ME)

DDH - Clinical Examination (Tests)

Ortholani's and Barlow's tests detect DDH. You might confuse between the two tests or you may feel that both are the same. First, here is what the tests are:

• Barlow's test: The maneuver is performed by adducting the hip while applying light pressure on the knee, directing the force posteriorly. If the hip is dislocatable, the test is considered positive. The Ortolani maneuver is then used, to confirm that the positive finding (i.e., that the hip actually dislocated).

• Ortholoni's test: It is performed by gently abducting the infant's leg using the examiner's thumb while placing anterior pressure on the greater trochanter using the examiner's index and forefinger. A positive sign is a distinctive 'clunk' which can be heard and felt as the femoral head relocates anteriorly into the acetabulum.
  

Now here's how to remember the two tests:
Barlow's test - you feel the Dislocation - so Barlow's test is Bad test as you are dislocating from joint.
ORTHOlani - you try to feel the Reduction - like ORTHOpedicians reducing all fractures and dislocations.

DDH - Facts and associations

The picture mnemonic will give you facts and associations of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH)

CTEV - Order of correction in conservative treatment

CTEV treated conservatively should be corrected in the following order, else the complication is Rocker bottom foot.

The order of correction: ( Remember All India Exam - AIE)

First correct -         Adduction

Secondly correct -  Inversion

Thirdly correct -     Equinus

Supination & Pronation, Plantar and Dorsiflexion

SUPination of forearm means to hold your palms so as to recieve  the SoUP. (Opposite movement is Pronation)

PLANTar flexion of foot means the movement to squish a PLANT with your foot. (The opposite movement is Dorsiflexion)

Carpal Tunnel

Remember the picture to memorise the structures passing through the carpal tunnel and those passing superficial to it.

• 
  Structures passing through the carpal tunnel:

MediAN nerve (policeMAN) - Compression causes carpal tunnel syndrome
Flexor POLICis longus (POLICe jeep)
FDS, FDP (FD = Fixed Deposit in piggy bank)
Radial & ulnar Bursa (piggy Bank)

• Structures passing superficial to carpal tunnel

PALMaris LONGus (LONG PALM tree)

Cutaneous branch of MediAN Nerve (boy = small MAN; Big policeMAN was MediAN nerve, so small man represents cutaneous branch)

UlNar nerve (Umen = woman)
Cutaneous br. of UlNar nerve (small Umen = small woman = represented by girl in the picture)

Few signs and tests in orthopaedics

• LudlOFF sign : Avulsion of lesser trochanter ( Lesser trochanter has come OFF )
• ADson's test is for cervical rib / thoracic outlet syndrome ( Remember ADDed rib ) 
• ALLI's test is for CDH ( Remember ALLICe )

Seronegative arthritis

'S' and 'F's of Seronegative arthritis:
Subcutaneous nodules - Absent
Sacroilitis is present
Factor ( RA Factor ) - Absent
Family history is present

Deformity in malunited supracondylar fracture

3 static deformities of cubitus varus in malunited supracondylar fracture ( Gun stock deformity ) :

Remember PHC (Primary Health Centre) or P HR CT ( Pay for High Resolution CT )

Posterior Displacement

Horizontal Rotation ( = HR )

Coronal Tilt ( = CT )