CTEV - Order of correction in conservative treatment

CTEV treated conservatively should be corrected in the following order, else the complication is Rocker bottom foot.

The order of correction: ( Remember All India Exam - AIE)

First correct -         Adduction

Secondly correct -  Inversion

Thirdly correct -     Equinus

Somatostatin actions

Somatostatins inhibits G4TIP:

Growth hormone

Gastrin

Glucagon

Gastric acid

TSH

Insulin

Pancreatic enzyme

Embryology of ear ossicles

Maleus and Incus forms from mesoderm of I arch

Stapes from Second arch.

Vestibular apparatus

Vestibular apparatus has Cristae and Macula. CristAe detects Angular acceleration and MacuLa Linear acceleration.

Supination & Pronation, Plantar and Dorsiflexion

SUPination of forearm means to hold your palms so as to recieve  the SoUP. (Opposite movement is Pronation)

PLANTar flexion of foot means the movement to squish a PLANT with your foot. (The opposite movement is Dorsiflexion)

Learn microbiology through picture mnemonics

A must have book, if you get confused between Streptococcus, Staphylococcus etc etc. There a few unbeatable cartoons which are picture mnemonics. Also has lots of Tables. 

See the examples from Staphylococcus chapter. The cartoons depict Staphylococcus as a warrior. Did you note the first picture? Well it depicts a staff (Staphylococcus) with a CAT in front of them - Represents that staphylococcus is CATalase positive. The other series of pictures depict it as a warrior with various virulence factors - Coagulase, protein A, hyaluronidase, Leukocidin, Hemolysin etc.

Neuroanatomy - Draw it to know it

Finding it difficult to remember neuroanatomy?

Help is out through this book: Neuroanatomy - Draw it to know it.

The book contains description followed by pictures that you can draw quickly at your exams. The book has blank space for you to learn drawing below the sketches.

You will remember better by drawing after reading about the subject. If time is less for your exams, try drawing quick pictures. The evaluator will be convinced about your knowledge of subject as a picture is worth thousand words. Try to include more sketches in your anatomy answer paper. Higher grades are guaranteed.

Download this book free from: 

http://www.mediafire.com/?dhyjd221jr1

or

http://rapidshare.com/files/258953588/Neuroanatomy_Draw_it_To_Know_It.pdf

Carpal Tunnel

Remember the picture to memorise the structures passing through the carpal tunnel and those passing superficial to it.

• 
  Structures passing through the carpal tunnel:

MediAN nerve (policeMAN) - Compression causes carpal tunnel syndrome
Flexor POLICis longus (POLICe jeep)
FDS, FDP (FD = Fixed Deposit in piggy bank)
Radial & ulnar Bursa (piggy Bank)

• Structures passing superficial to carpal tunnel

PALMaris LONGus (LONG PALM tree)

Cutaneous branch of MediAN Nerve (boy = small MAN; Big policeMAN was MediAN nerve, so small man represents cutaneous branch)

UlNar nerve (Umen = woman)
Cutaneous br. of UlNar nerve (small Umen = small woman = represented by girl in the picture)

Innervation of quadriceps and toe extensors

Patellar tendon is innervated by L4 ( remember that quadriceps is made by 4 Long muscles )

Toe extensors are innervated by L5 ( remember the 5 Little toes )

Few signs and tests in orthopaedics

• LudlOFF sign : Avulsion of lesser trochanter ( Lesser trochanter has come OFF )
• ADson's test is for cervical rib / thoracic outlet syndrome ( Remember ADDed rib ) 
• ALLI's test is for CDH ( Remember ALLICe )

Download concentrated notes and mnemonics free

The following download link will give you notes made by the efforts of various medical students with mnemonics aid. Notes are a mixture of various medical subjects with the most salient points you should always remember. These are referred to as "pass points". It is important that you remember these points, even though you forget the vast majority of junk points, though they may seem more interesting. So that a print out of these notes and mnemonics ( Only 22 pages ). Download it free here.

Fever with Rash

Number of days after onset of fever that rash will appear:

Remember: Really Sick Children Must Take No Exercise.

1 Day -   Rubella
2 Days - Scarlet fever ( Also in Smallpox )
3 Days - Chickenpox
4 Days - Measles
5 Days - Typhus, rickettsia (variable)
6 Days - Nothing
7 Days - Enteric fever

Vitamins and Hypervitaminosis

Fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E, K (Remember FADEK)

Hypervitaminosis A causes Anomalies (teratogenicity)

Hypervitaminosis E causes necrotising Enterocolitis

Hypervitaminosis K causes Kernicterus due to hemolysis

Drugs that can be administered through endotracheal route

Drugs that can be administered through ENdotracheAL route:

Remember EN---------AL

Epinephrine

Naloxone

Atropine

Lidocaine

Alternative mnemonics:  ALiEN or LEAN or LANE, whichever you prefer, you can remember.

H1N1 mnemonics

In H1N1, antibodies to 'N' modifies iNfection ( and antibodies to 'H' neutralises the virus - 'H' Hits Virus . Remember HiV)

Antibodies to this virus:

• appears in 1 week
  

• reaches maximum level in 2 weeks
  

• drop to pre-infection levels in 2-3 months
  
  (Remember 1, 2, 3 )
  
  

Aortic regurgitation : Peripheral signs

This is a picture mnemonic which will help you remember the peripheral signs of Aortic regurgitation (AR) which is much talked about in the clinics.

Diaphragmatic openings

Remember VOA - Voice Of America:

Venacaval opening - at level T8

Oesophageal opening - at level T10

Aortic opening - at level T12

Download free Cardiology mnemonics

FREE .doc file of cardiology mnemonics collection. Download it here.

Microbiology Mnemonics

Chek out Microbiology Mnemonics from medcastle. medcastle.com is a site to check out for sure.

Download Gastroenterology Mnemonics

Download pdf file here.

Foramen Ovale

Foramen ovale transmits MALE:

Mandibular nerve

Accessory meningeal artery

Lesser petrosal nerve

Emissary vein

Cystinuria

Aminoacids passed in urine of Cystinuria patient:

Remember COLA in urine:

Cystine

Ornithine

Lysine

Arginine

Meninges of brain

Which are the meningeal coverings?

Remember PAD covers the brain (From inside to out):

PIa mater - Innermost

Arachnoid membrane

DUra mater - oUtermost

Huntington's Chorea

Remember the story : A Korean (Chorean) hunter, HUNTING 4 CROws to DATE a COW

Now, here's the facts: Huntington's Chorea gene is on ChROmosome 4
Pathology is in CAUDATE (COW DATE) nucleus

Comparison of Nematodes : Table

An effective method to remember is by making similiar items into a comparison table. When you confuse between similiar items, try making such comparison tables and memorise it repeatedly.

Nematodes_MedExcel -