Pharmacology mnemonics collection

Pharmacology mnemonics collection from http://www.medicalexcel.com

Pharmacology mnemonics by MedExcel -

Plummer Vinson Syndrome

Plummer Vinson syndrome is also known as Patterson Kelly syndrome

Post cricoid web and

Poor iron level (Anemia) is seen.

Precancerous condition.

Embryology mnemonics collection

Embryology mnemonics from http://www.medicalexcel.com

Embryology mnemonics -

Anti Tuberculous Drugs (ATT)

Remember the REP ( Medical representative ) offering you an iPod. Let us name him as iREP ( REP offering iPod ). He tells you, " give me 5, 10, 15, 20 - 35 prescriptions to get an iPod ".

Here's the interpretation:
iREPS stands for
i - INH - 5mg/kg
R - Rifampicin - 10mg/kg
E - Ethambutol - 15mg/kg
P - Pyrazinamide - 20-35mg/kg
S - Streptomycin - 20-35mg/kg
Their dosages per kg are 5, 10, 15, 20-35, 20 - 35 respectively.
Which of these are Bacterocidal?
Of these, the ones that RIPS bacteria are the R, I, P, S.

To remember certain striking side effects see below:
INH - I Have Neuritis
Rifampicin - Red man syndrome
Ethambutol - Eye affected ( Retrobulbar neuritis )
Streptomycin - Song is difficult to hear ( Oto toxicity)

Dum Dum bullet - another mnemonic

Mr. Frank has his own software to generate mnemonics from first letter of the things to be remembered. Visit his website http://memoryfactory-frank460.blogspot.com to learn more memory techniques like substituting numbers for letters and new ideas of that sort.

He has submitted an alternate mnemonic for Dum Dum bullet created with his software.

Dum Dum Bullet: Bullet not one that upon impact shatters or splits into many pieces?

If so then imagine this:
Dueling--------Dum
Ducks----------Dum
Butt----------Bullet
Fragments

Add the last word "fragments" to complete the associations.

Who can order Exhumation?

EXhuMAtaion can be ordered by EXecutive MAgistrate ( Also called first class magistrate )

Medical Powerpoint presentations help to remember better

Powerpoint presentations help to boost your retaining power and revise faster. Medical powerpoints arranged subjectwise can be found at http://medicalppt.blogspot.com/

These powerpoints can be seen online or downloaded free of cost. No extra cost. No need to register. You can submit your own medical powerpoints to show in this site.

Very useful topics including how to read ECG, Swine flu powerpoints, Videos, more mnemonic resources. Here's the full list of categories that you will find in this site (Number of posts in brackets as on today): Anatomy (10), anesthesia (9),  biochemistry (3),  cardiology (3),  community medicine (1),  critical care (1),  dermatology (2, ) diabetic (4),  ECG (1),  ENT(5),  embryology (2),  emergency medicine (3),  endocrinology (3),  epidemiology (1),  forensic medicine (1),  gastro (4),  general medicine (8),  genetics (2),  geriatrics (1),  gynaecology (7),  hematology (2),  histology (2),  homeopathy (1),  ICU (1),  immunology (4),  internal medicine (7),  introduction (1),  medicine (9),  microbiology (5),  mycology (1),  nephrology (1),  neuro medicine (3),  neurosurgery (3),  new born (4),  nutrition (1),  obstetrics (5),  ophthalmology (3),  orthopedics (4),  paediatrics (8),  pain (1),  pathology (7),  pdf files (6),  pediatric surgery (1),  pedodontics (1),  pharmacology (5),  physiology (4),  psychiatry (2),  public health (1),  radiology (5),  respiratory medicine (4),  snake bite (1),  softwares (1),  surgery (10),  swine flu (1),  templates (4),  today's post (4),  trauma (3),  upload your files (1),  videos (1),  websites (1),  your powerpoints (1). 

More links and helpful medical student materials, downloads etc are available by same author at http://mediconet.blogspot.com Also contains lots of links to download medical books for free.

Seronegative arthritis

'S' and 'F's of Seronegative arthritis:
Subcutaneous nodules - Absent
Sacroilitis is present
Factor ( RA Factor ) - Absent
Family history is present

LFT : SGOT vs SGPT, Direct BR vs Indirect BR

SGOT = AST, SGPT = ALT
SGOT is elevated in alcholic hepatitis.

I always get confused between the two. Here's how to remember: When you drink alcOHOL, you get hepatitis and your liver gets HOLes. So there are more HOLEs in SGOT - That's why SGOT is present in mitOchOndria and cytOsOl. SGPT is present only in cytosol.

To remember SGOT = AST and SGPT = ALT, strike out the common letters on both sides. You get O = S and P = L. Now remember "The OS (operting system) of your life gets corrupted with alchol". Remember OS for O=S --> SGOT = AST.

The other confusion is between Direct and Indirect bilirubin. Which is more? The level of Indirect is more - remember the number of letters in 'Indirect' are also more as compared to 'Direct'. Indirect = Unconjugated BR. ( Note that both have prefixes ). Therfore, Direct = Conjugated BR.

Milestones in Pediatrics

Child draws a circle at 3 years, cross at 4 years, square at 5 years and triangle at 6 years.

I think that the visual mnemonic is self explanatory. Start from head ( Circle ), imagine the ears to be '3'. Put them together and remember that child draws circle at 3 yrs. After 3, remember what the child draws at 4,5 and 6 yrs by coming down from the top of the figure. After head, you see the cross necklace - at 4 yrs. Come down further, imagine the body to be a square ( at 5 yrs ). The frock represents triangle which child draws at 6 yrs. 

PharMnemonics

Dum Dum bullet

Dum Dum Bullet is a bullet which fragments extensively on striking. Remember one dumb bullet goes Dum Dum Dum Dum into many pieces.

Algorithms - A way to memorise

Memorising scores are very difficult, creates ultimate confusion when you memorise say, different trauma scores etc. The only way out is to find out the scores which are in regular use in practice and practice imaginary patients. A Medical Algorithm is any computation, formula, survey, or look-up table, useful in healthcare which helps you remember better.  http://www.medal.org gives lots of algorithms and scores. You can practice the scores repeatedly and memorise them better. Registration is free and only after registration you can access all the algorithms. You can even download the .xls files or try their online calculators. Also arranged subjectwise.  More than 10141 algorithms, organized into 45 chapters, are available as spreadsheets which can be opened in your browser.

Hindi mnemonic: Alchol abuse

Which is the first enzyme to rise in alcohol abuse?

GAmma Glutamyl TRANSPeptidase (Also increased in Hepatocellular CANCER)

Remember (Read in Hindi): Alcohol lene ke bad, aadmi kya karte hai? - GAAna shuru karte hai, phir apne car mein TRANSPort hote hai. CANCER ho gaya tho bhi GAAte hai - Shok gaan.

MM4U News: HOSPITAL ON WEB IS OPEN !

Dear readers,

We, the makers of this site MM4U invite you to the launch of our new website HOW - Hospital on Web, a simulation of online hospital, where patients may see their consultants, clear their doubts. Please refer patients to us. Let patients send their queries to shajilkpdn@gmail.com

Visit http://hospitalonweb.blogspot.com

We from MM4U also take this opportunity to invite mnemonics from our dear readers. Please send your mnemonics to shajilkpdn@gmail.com

MM4U wants you to create genuine mnemonics using your imagination. We hate the regular ABCDEF mnemonics, where you fit the causes of a condition by compromising on the quality of your output. Moreover, if you remember everything as ABCDEF, you will land into further confusion. Our aim is QUICK RECALL, NO CONFUSION ; This will ultimately help you in today's competitive world of multiple choice questions, which create a lot of confusion and the time to answer these MCQs is really short.

MM4U is not just a site for mnemonics but a medico helper site. We think of all means to put things to your head and will continue to bring you related resources also. Trying to put at least one useful post for you daily.

With regards,

MM4U

Antemortem drowning

DiAtoms are found in Drowning Antemortem

Erb's and Klumpke's brachial palsies

Erb's - Upper trunk ( C5, C6 ) {See the picture mnemonic above -  imagine the '6' to resemble 'b' of erbs ; 's' resembles '5' }
Klumpke's - Lower Trunk ( C7, C8, T1 )
Remember 'E' comes before 'K' in alphabetical order, so Erb's is upper and Klumpke's lower trunk.
Now Klumpke's start with C7. Note that K-L-U-M-P-K-E is 7 letters.

Kartagener's Syndrome

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To remember Kartagener's syndrome read it as CART-A-GENERal - The story of General transporting his sweetHEART ( wife ) in a cart. The sweetHEART is sitting to his right ( Represents DEXTROCARDIA - HEART to right ). Note that General has a red stuffy nose and still smoking smoking, he has SINUSITIS and BRONHIECTASIS. Note the grass through which he drives is moving as the cart passes. The grass resembles CILIA ( ABNORMAL CILIARY MOVEMENTS are seen in this syndrome ). The couple has no children to drive the cart ( Represents STERILITY ). So the features of this syndrome are:
Dextrocardia
Sinusitis
Broncheictasis
Abnormal ciliary movement
Sterility

Giardiasis

GiArdiAsis most commonly seen in blood group A, Achlorhydria, Abuse with cAnAbis, IgA deficiancy, AIDS. Other causes without mnemonics - Chronic Pancreatitis, Malnutrition.

Behcet's syndrome

What is Behcet's syndrome
Remember BOOG
Behcet's is Oro - Oculo - Genital syndrome

Deformity in malunited supracondylar fracture

3 static deformities of cubitus varus in malunited supracondylar fracture ( Gun stock deformity ) :

Remember PHC (Primary Health Centre) or P HR CT ( Pay for High Resolution CT )

Posterior Displacement

Horizontal Rotation ( = HR )

Coronal Tilt ( = CT )

Echinococcus granulosus

Echinococcus granulosus - Remember EDC

• Echinococcus
  Dog tapeworm is the common name
  Casoni's test is used. Remember CID - Casoni's Intra Dermal test

• Treatment is MAPS - Mebendazole, Albendazole, Praziquantel, Surgery
  
  

Swine Flu

Learn and remember better about Swine Flu ( H1N1 influenza ) idenification, prevention and treatment from this video. You will remember it better as it is in current affairs and you have your daily dose of revision from the medias.

Here's another video to remember the symptoms better.

Fallot's Triad, Tetrad and Pentad

To remember the Fallots, read this story along with the picture mnemonic :

Characters in the story and what they represent:

Ant - ASD

Parrot - Pulmonary stenosis

Rabbit - Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ( RVH )

Owl - Overriding of Aorta

Vulture - VSD

'3' represents Fallot's Triad, '4' - Tetrology of Fallot, '5' - Fallot's Pentad

The story: The Ant, Parrot and Rabbit ( 3 ) were living happily. Vulture and Owl are coming at 4 o'clock - an announcement informed them. The Ant was afraid that it would be eaten and went away in fear. At 4 o'clock the Vulture and Owl came. So there was the Owl, Vulture, Parrot and Rabbit ( 4 ) living together now. The newcomers came to know about the Ant. They promised that they won't eat the ant. So the Ant came back and all the 5 (Owl, Ant, Vulture, Parrot and Rabbit ) lived happily ever after.

Now, just substitute what the animals / insects / birds originally represent and you will remember the Fallots.

If it's not clear, watch this video below :

Anatomical snuff box

To remember the structures of anatomical snuffbox, look at your right hand and extend your thumb. You see three prominent tendons. The tendon in between is a brevis tendon - Extensor policis brevis. The tendon that meets it from the extensor surface is therefore extensor policis longus. The remaining tendon going in different direction of Extensor Policis Brevis is Abductor Policis Longus. Note that the longus goes parallel and brevis converges on both ends.

Mode of infection of Hepatitis A and E

Hepatitis A and E spread by oro - fAEcal route.

Surgery for malunited Colle's

Corrective osteotomies for malunited Colle's :
CampbeLL's - Lateral wedge osteotomy
FernanDes - Dorsal wedge osteotomy

Congenital heart disease producing cyanosis

They all begin with 'T' :

Tetrology of Fallot

Transposition of great vessels

Truncus arteriosis

Tricuspid atresia

Total pulmonary anomalous venous return

Cole - Cecil Murmur

COLe-Cecil murmur is heard in Aortic Incompetence in AxIlla.
Remember AIshwarya RAI ( Miss world, 1994 ) likes Coco-COLa

Usmle : Extremely high yield - The ultimate software

Take a look into this software, where all data are interlinked. Interlinked information will help you remember better and revise faster. Details can be had from meetanshul@gmail.com

Reiter's Syndrome

Remember CUP :
Conjunctivitis
Urethritis
Polyarthritis

Polio vaccines

SalK = Killed Polio vaccine
OraL (Sabin) = Live Polio vaccine

Brachial Plexus

Lateral cord

Remember LML vespa scooter

• Lateral pectoral n.
• Musculocutaneous n.
• Lateral root of median n.

Medial cord

Remember My Mother Made Me Ugly

• Medial pectoral n.
  
• Medial root of medin n.
  
• Medial cutaneous n. of arm
• Medial cutanoeus n. of forearm
  
• Ulnar n.
  

Posterior cord

Remember STAR

• Subscapular n. (Upper and Lower Subscapular N.)
• Thoracodorsal n.
• Axillary n.
• Radial n.
  
  

Common cold

What is the incubation period of common cold?

2 days - remember you have 2 nostrils.

Russian Translation:

Какой инкубационный период простуд? 

2 дня - помните, у вас есть 2 ноздри.

Active and passive immunity

When you take a vaccine, which immunity do you get - Active or passive ?

Passive because you Payfor the vaccine, get Pricked and it's Painful.

Immunoglobulins

The immunoglobulins are IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD ( Remember GAMED )

First Immunoglobulin to appear is IgM - iMMediate

Immunoglobulin with Maximum Molecular weight - IgM = Millionaire molecule; Also, Maximum sedimentation coifficient is for IgM

IgA Activates Alternative complement pathway

Major serum immunoglobulin is IgG - maGor

IgG crosses placenta ( Gestation )

MHCs

MHC-I associated with CD8 and MHC-II associated with CD4 ( Remember I x 8 = II x 4 )

Hysterectomy

Indications of abdominal hysterectomy:

Remember TOMB

Trauma: Uterine perforation, cervical tear

Obstructive: Remember HARM

• Hydatidiform mole
• Atonic PPH
• Rupture uterus
• Morbid adherent placenta
  

Malignancy: Carcinoma of ovary / cervix / endometrium, Chorio carcinoma, uterine sarcoma.

Benign: Remember ABCDEF 

• Adenomyosis
• Benign ovarian tumors
• CIN
• DUB
• Endometriosis
• Fibroids, tubo ovarian mass.

Now below is a 3D medical animation shows, in a very general manner, how three different types of hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) surgeries are performed. Find more at http://www.nucleusinc.com

Root Canal Treatment

A picture can be worth thousand words. An animation is worth more and helps you to remeber better. Watch this animation video to remember better about root canal treatment (RCT).

The Duck Hunt (Joke)

A Physician, Pediatrician, Surgeon and a Pathologist went for a duck hunt. The Pediatrician ran like a boy and grasped his little gun at the first site of a duck. But he thought that his gun would not suffice to shoot it down. " If there's a little one, I will shoot " he said and passed out the opportunity to the physician. The physician was thinking, " Hey, is it really a duck? It may be some other bird looking like a duck. There are a lot of DDs. I will have to confirm before shooting ". At this point the Surgeon took his gun, shot down the duck and turned to the pathologist, " Go see if it's a duck ".

Translation in Russian:

А врач, педиатр, хирург и патолог пошли на утку охотятся. В педиатр побежал, как мальчик, и захватил его мало пушки на первом месте расположения утка. Но он считал, что его пистолет не будет достаточно для того, чтобы стрелять его. "Если есть немного один, я буду стрелять" он сказал, и сознание возможности врача. Врач думал, "Эй, это действительно одна утка? Это может быть ряд других птиц похожий на утиный. Есть много дифференциального диагноза. Мне придется подтверждать перед съемкой". На данный момент Хирург вытащил пистолет, выстрелил вниз на утку, и обратился к патологоанатома: "Идите ли, что это утка".

Wegener's Granulomatosis

Wegener's granulomatosis affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidney. As depicted in the visual mnemonic, URTI, LRTI, Epistaxis, Hemoptysis, Glomerulonephritis are few of the manifestations of this disease. It is C-ANCA positive. Treatment is with antibiotics, corticosteroid, Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide etc.

Hymenolepis nana

Hymenolepis nana is also known as dwarf tapeworm.

Remember this - Somebodythought that the name Hymenolepis is a giant and asked you, "is Hymenolepis a giant tape worm" - You said, " Na Na , it's a dwarf".

Alternatively remember HP Deskjet printers - Hymenolepis nana = Dwarf tapeworm

Tips on making notes to improve your memory

Use high quality notebook. Use standard textbooks to make your own notes. Revise, revise and revise the same notes. Make your own pictures. Use colours. You will remember better.










The above colourful notes are taken from http://www.instantanatomy.net/anatomy.html

Foods to increase your memory

One of the reasons of poor concentration and memory is indeed nutritional deficiancy. For eg:- Anemia leads to poor concentration and memory. Even those who eat well in normal course have anorexia during exam time. However, the idea must not be to stuff your tummy and go for a sound sleep. Always keep 1/3rd of your tummy empty. Eat quality food which your brain needs. Remember that you brain uses up a lot of glucose as it works. So never go for hypoglycemia. Fruits like orange provide quick source of refreshment. However, the memory foods which I have found out from various referances and studies are the following:

• Food rich in Omega 3 fatty acids : Fishes like Salmon, Herring, Tuna, Mackerel 
• Vitamin E rich food : Wheat germ, dry almond, peanut butter
• Vegetables : Green leafy vegetables esp spinach, Cabbage, Cauliflower
• Blueberry, Strawberry
• Green tea
• Carbohydrate rich foods : Fuel the brain. Sweet potatoes, fruits, vegetables, other legumes
• Chocolate ( esp. Milk chocolate ) gives quick refreshment for exhausted brain.
• Most of foods above are also rich in folic acid which decrease Homocysteine levels and help in improving memory.
• Choline in egg yolk is benificial for memory. Be careful if you have hypercholestrolemia.
• Foods preventing Alzheimer's : Recently, Curcumin ( Found in Turmeric ) has been found to be beneficial.

Prevalance of disease

Prevalance = Incidence x Duration

Remember PID

Mind maps help you to revise faster and memorise better

Mind maps are an effective way to revise and memorise faster. Above is an example of medical mnemonics depicted in the form of mind map.
The following websites give you free medical mind maps:
http://medicalmaps.blogspot.com
http://www.medmaps.co.uk
How can you make your own mind maps ?
Download free software to make mind maps here.
If you want to make more proffessional mind maps go here.

Kawasaki's Disease

This visual mnemonic gives you the clinical features of Kawasaki disease. Imagine a Child on Kawasaki bike with red lips, tongue, body rash with cervical lymphadenopathy having a heart thrash ( Coronary aneurysm ) seeing a beautiful nurse who has the treatment needed for him. Note that Kawasaki disease is C- ANCA +ve as painted on the bike. The clinical features are depicted as a song, which you can try to sing in the tune of Titanic's song, "my heart will go on...."

Ossification centres around elbow

Ossification centres around elbow appear in the following order:

Remember CRMTOL or CaRaMel TOffEE 1-3-5-7-9

Capitellum - 1 yr

Radial head - 3 yrs

Medial epicondyle - 5 yrs

Trochlea - 7 yrs

Olecranon - 9 yrs

Lateral epicondyle = External Epicondyle

Note: An alteranate mnemonic is CRITOE, where I = Internal Epicondyle.

You can imagine a child putting Caramel toffee into his mouth with elbow flexed.